Unearthing the Past: Life & Legacy of Elsie Clifford

“…the uncrowned Queen of Gloucestershire Archaeology and the doyenne of research into the Long Barrows of south-western Britain…” Obituary by Professor Glyn Daniel, The Times, 7th September 1976

As part of the 2025 Gloucester Festival of Archaeology, the Museum is spotlighting one of the female trailblazers of British Archaeology in the early 20th century: Elsie Margaret Clifford (1885–1976).

Born in Little Witcombe, her fascination with the past began early, inspired by prehistoric finds on her family’s farm. Despite the male-dominated field of early 20th-century archaeology, Clifford carved out a respected career through determination, curiosity, and meticulous research.

Roman Harp shaped Brooch – excavated at Hucclecote in 1958

By the 1920s, she was gaining recognition for her work on Neolithic long barrows and Roman villas across Gloucestershire. Her excavations at sites like Notgrove, Nympsfield, and Bagendon revealed new insights into Britain’s ancient past. Though she considered herself an amateur, her interpretations remain influential today.

Iron Age Bowl – excavated at Nympsfield Long Barrow in 1937

Clifford’s legacy extends beyond her discoveries. She mentored young archaeologists—especially women—at a time when few had access to formal training. Her dedication to education and museum collaboration ensured that her finds were preserved for future generations in institutions like the British Museum and the Museum of Gloucester.

Awarded an OBE in 1968 and the first female president of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Clifford’s life was one of quiet revolution. She didn’t just uncover history—she made it.

More information about Elsie Clifford and the sites she excavated can be found at the Museum, throughout July.